FCA Consumer Duty, PRA SS1/23, proxy discrimination under IPID, and the model risk governance requirements that now sit alongside them. Regulatory obligations translated into audit-ready Python workflows. 21 articles.
A new paper (Xin, Hooker, Huang 2026) shows that BIFSG proxy race distorts regression-based fairness audits in two distinct mechanisms — and the direction of distortion is group...
Two deregulatory signals in the FCA's February 2026 insurance priorities document. The SMCR one is almost entirely administrative. The Consumer Duty one is real but has no CP nu...
FCA PS26/2 (March 2026) creates mandatory incident reporting and material third party registers for all authorised insurers. Every pricing actuary who owns a rating API, renewal...
The FCA's Mills Review is not another compliance checklist — it is the regulator thinking aloud about how UK financial services might look in 2030. Pricing teams should read it ...
The complete PS21/5 compliance workflow: CATE estimation with insurance-causal, ENBP-constrained optimisation with insurance-optimise, fairness audit with insurance-fairness, an...
UK GDPR constrains what pricing data you can share across entities. Federated learning and differential privacy offer a way around the constraint — but only if you understand wh...
FCA MS24/2 (February 2026) means pricing teams now own the APR question. Here is how to treat it as a pricing problem — with the same tools used for the insurance itself.
The FCA has explicitly flagged pet insurance for monitoring in its 2026 regulatory priorities. FOS complaint upheld rates hit 52% in Q1 2025 — the highest of any UKGI business l...
Scenario modelling for UK motor bodily injury claims under whiplash reform uncertainty — Taylor separation, severity distributions, and conformal prediction intervals.
The FCA's interim report on MS24/1 landed in January 2026 with a Q3 2026 final report expected. Here is what pure protection pricing teams need to build before that lands.
FCA EP25/2 published July 2025. Expected claim costs per home policy up 49% from £92 to £138. Average inception premium up only 5%. The data says insurers absorbed the shock — n...
The FCA has committed to evaluating how UK insurers use AI in pricing, underwriting, and claims. No new AI-specific rulebook is coming — but the regulator now expects evidence, ...
The FCA replaced 40+ portfolio letters with a single annual priorities document on 24 February 2026. Here is what it says, what it means for pricing teams, and which library too...
A February 2026 paper from Lim, Xu, and Zhou cracks open the problem of fair pricing in multi-state insurance products — the ones that matter most for Consumer Duty obligations ...
Insurance pricing models are high-risk AI under Annex III of the EU AI Act. The compliance deadline is 2 August 2026 — five months away. Here is what that means in practice for ...
BCG's 2025 analysis puts embedded insurance at 30% CAGR. The pricing architecture question is not whether to do it - it's whether your model can answer in under 100ms without co...
arXiv:2504.16592 formalises what pricing teams have been quietly observing for years: autonomous pricing algorithms can converge to supra-competitive prices without any firm eve...
PS25/21 abolished the mandatory 12-month product review cycle in December 2025. Harm-proportionate review cadence is now the requirement. Here is what that means for actuarial g...
EP25/2 requires non-life insurers to test whether rating factors act as proxies for protected characteristics. Here is exactly how to run that test in Python, with the correct s...
Fairlearn is excellent for classification fairness. It was not built for insurance pricing, the Equality Act 2010, or the FCA's specific concern: proxy discrimination in a multi...
EquiPy is a technically excellent fairness correction tool built on optimal transport theory, from Arthur Charpentier's group at UQAM. insurance-fairness is an FCA-focused proxy...
insurance-governance merges insurance-validation and insurance-mrm. PRA SS1/23 statistical validation and MRM governance in one install - no version conflicts.
Champion/challenger with ICOBS 6B.2.51R compliance for UK insurers. SHA-256 routing, SQLite logging, bootstrap LR tests, SMF-signable report - insurance-deploy.